(File Photo: Source for Photo: FILE – A health worker administers a measles test on Fernando Tarin, of Seagraves, Texas, at a mobile testing site outside Seminole Hospital District, Friday, Feb. 21, 2025, in Seminole, Texas. (AP Photo/Julio Cortez, File)

(AP) The measles outbreaks in West Texas and New Mexico have surpassed a combined 350 cases, and two unvaccinated people have died from measles-related causes.

Measles is caused by a highly contagious virus that’s airborne and spreads easily when an infected person breathes, sneezes or coughs. It is preventable through vaccines, and has been considered eliminated from the U.S. since 2000.

Already, the U.S. has more measles cases this year than in all of 2024, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention said last week. Here’s what else you need to know about measles in the U.S.

How many measles cases are there in Texas and New Mexico?

Texas state health officials said Friday there were 30 new cases of measles since Tuesday, bringing the total to 309 across 14 counties — most in West Texas. Four more people were hospitalized, for a total of 40. Three new Texas counties reported cases: Garza, Hockley and Hale.

New Mexico health officials announced three new cases Friday, bringing the state’s total to 42. Most of the cases are in Lea County, where two people have been hospitalized, and two are in in Eddy County.

Oklahoma’s state health department has four probable cases as of this week. Last week, it said the first two probable cases were “associated” with the West Texas and New Mexico outbreaks.

A school-age child died of measles in Texas last month, and New Mexico reported its first measles-related death in an adult last week.

Where else is measles showing up in the U.S.?

Measles cases also have been reported in Alaska, California, Florida, Georgia, Kansas, Kentucky, Maryland, Michigan, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Tennessee, Vermont and Washington

The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention defines an outbreak as three or more related cases — and there have been three clusters that qualified as outbreaks in 2025.

In the U.S., cases and outbreaks are generally traced to someone who caught the disease abroad. It can then spread, especially in communities with low vaccination rates. In 2019, the U.S. saw 1,274 cases and almost lost its status of having eliminated measles.

Do you need an MMR booster?

The best way to avoid measles is to get the measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine. The first shot is recommended for children between 12 and 15 months old and the second between 4 and 6 years old.

People at high risk for infection who got the shots many years ago may want to consider getting a booster if they live in an area with an outbreak, said Scott Weaver with the Global Virus Network, an international coalition. Those may include family members living with someone who has measles or those especially vulnerable to respiratory diseases because of underlying medical conditions.

Adults with “presumptive evidence of immunity” generally don’t need measles shots now, the CDC said. Criteria include written documentation of adequate vaccination earlier in life, lab confirmation of past infection or being born before 1957, when most people were likely to be infected naturally.

A doctor can order a lab test called an MMR titer to check your levels of measles antibodies, but health experts don’t always recommend this route and insurance coverage can vary.

Getting another MMR shot is harmless if there are concerns about waning immunity, the CDC says.

People who have documentation of receiving a live measles vaccine in the 1960s don’t need to be revaccinated, but people who were immunized before 1968 with an ineffective measles vaccine made from “killed” virus should be revaccinated with at least one dose, the agency said. That also includes people who don’t know which type they got.

What are the symptoms of measles?

Measles first infects the respiratory tract, then spreads throughout the body, causing a high fever, runny nose, cough, red, watery eyes and a rash.

The rash generally appears three to five days after the first symptoms, beginning as flat red spots on the face and then spreading downward to the neck, trunk, arms, legs and feet. When the rash appears, the fever may spike over 104 degrees Fahrenheit, according to the CDC.

Most kids will recover from measles, but infection can lead to dangerous complications such as pneumonia, blindness, brain swelling and death.

How can you treat measles?

There’s no specific treatment for measles, so doctors generally try to alleviate symptoms, prevent complications and keep patients comfortable.

Why do vaccination rates matter?

In communities with high vaccination rates — above 95% — diseases like measles have a harder time spreading through communities. This is called “herd immunity.”

But childhood vaccination rates have declined nationwide since the pandemic and more parents are claiming religious or personal conscience waivers to exempt their kids from required shots.

The U.S. saw a rise in measles cases in 2024, including an outbreak in Chicago that sickened more than 60.

(File Photo: Source for Photo: FILE – The desk of hospitalized Pennsylvania state Rep. Matt Gergely, D-Allegheny, is empty at the start of the state House’s new two-year legislative session, Jan. 7, 2025, in Harrisburg, Pa. Gergely died January 19, leaving his seat vacant and the chamber deadlocked. (AP Photo/Marc Levy, File)

WASHINGTON (AP) — Voters from opposite ends of Pennsylvania will fill two state legislative vacancies in special elections Tuesday. Democrats are defending a state House seat on friendly turf with control of the deadlocked chamber on the line, while Republicans look to maintain their comfortable advantage in the state Senate in a reliably GOP district.

In the state House, voters in District 35 in western Pennsylvania southeast of Pittsburgh will elect a replacement for Democratic state Rep. Matt Gergely, whose death in January left the parties tied at 101 seats each. The major-party nominees to succeed him are Democrat Dan Goughnour, who’s a McKeesport school board member and a police officer, and Republican Chuck Davis, who’s president of the White Oak Borough Council and a volunteer firefighter. Libertarian Adam Kitta is also on the ballot.

On the other side of the commonwealth in the state Senate race, three candidates are running to replace former Republican state Sen. Ryan Aument, who left his seat in December to work as state director in Republican U.S. Sen. Dave McCormick’s office. The nominees are Republican Josh Parsons, a Lancaster County commissioner; Democrat James Andrew Malone, the mayor of East Petersburg; and libertarian Zachary Moore.

Democratic candidates have a strong track record in the Allegheny County-based state House district. Gergely first won the seat in a 2023 special election with 75% of the vote and ran unopposed in 2024. Democratic Vice President Kamala Harris carried the district with about 58% of the vote in the 2024 presidential election, compared with about 42% for former President Donald Trump, the Republican nominee.

Trump, who won the election and a second term in the White House, performed well in some parts of the district, receiving comfortable majorities in Liberty, Lincoln, Port Vue, South Versailles and White Oak, but those municipalities collectively made up less than a third of the district’s total vote. The most competitive battlegrounds in the district were Versailles and West Homestead, both of which Harris carried narrowly. She won most of the district by huge margins.

State Senate District 36, located within Lancaster County between Harrisburg and Philadelphia, had roughly the opposite voting record as House District 35 in the 2024 general election. Trump received 57% of the district vote in the presidential race, while McCormick received 56% in his successful bid to unseat Democratic U.S. Sen. Bob Casey. Aument ran unopposed in his last election in 2022.

Trump won 18 of the state Senate district’s 22 municipalities by comfortable to large margins. Harris narrowly carried East Hempfield, East Petersburg, Lititz and Manheim, but those four areas comprised only about 37% of the total district vote.

Democrats won a slim majority of state House seats in 2022 for the first time in more than a decade and have had to defend their narrow advantage in a series of special elections since then.

The Associated Press does not make projections and will declare a winner only when it’s determined there is no scenario that would allow the trailing candidates to close the gap. If a race has not been called, the AP will continue to cover any newsworthy developments, such as candidate concessions or declarations of victory. In doing so, the AP will make clear that it has not yet declared a winner and explain why.

Pennsylvania requires an automatic recount for close statewide races, but that law does not apply to state legislative races. For non-statewide races, voters may petition a county board of elections or the courts to order a recount. The AP may declare a winner in a race that is eligible for a recount if it can determine the lead is too large for a recount or legal challenge to change the outcome.

Here’s a look at what to expect on Tuesday:

Special election day

Pennsylvania’s special elections for state Senate and House will be held Tuesday. Polls close at 8 p.m. ET.

What’s on the ballot?

The Associated Press will provide vote results and declare winners in the special elections for state Senate District 36 and state House District 35.

Who gets to vote?

Any voters registered in state Senate District 36 or state House District 35 may participate in the special election in their district.

What do turnout and advance vote look like?

As of Monday, Senate District 36 had about 185,000 registered voters, of whom 53% were Republicans, about 30% were Democrats and the rest had no party affiliation or were members of minor parties. House District 35 had roughly 43,000 registered voters, with Democrats comprising about 61% and Republicans about 25%.

Turnout in House District 35 was between 52% and 53% of registered voters in both the 2022 and 2024 general elections. Roughly a quarter of the votes in those elections were cast before Election Day. A special election in the district in 2023 had about 21% of registered voters participating.

Turnout in the 2022 general election in Senate District 36 was about 51% of registered voters. About 14% of the voters in that election cast their ballots before Election Day.

As of Friday, nearly 2,800 of the approximately 4,000 absentee ballots requested by voters had been cast in Allegheny County before special election day. About 83% was from Democrats. As of Wednesday in Lancaster County, voters had requested nearly 16,000 absentee ballots, of which about 11,000 had already been cast. The county did not provide a breakdown by party.

How long does vote-counting usually take?

In the 2024 general election, the AP first reported results just as polls closed at 8 p.m. ET in Allegheny County (home of House District 35) and at 8:13 p.m. ET in Lancaster County (home of Senate District 36). The election night tabulation ended in Lancaster County at 11:59 p.m. ET and in Allegheny at 12:08 a.m. ET, both with about 98% of total votes counted.

(Photo Taken by Frank Sparks)

(New Brighton, Pa.) Mayor Valerie McElvy confirmed to Beaver County Radio’s Frank Sparks during her monthly appearance on “Driving in the Fast Lane” that New Brighton will be getting a Dunkin’ Donuts in the borough. McElvey said it will be at the corner of 5th Avenue and  5th Street where the former Pizza Joe’s was located.  Mayor Val said it was touch and go for awhile but it is now official. Work has already started and Mayor Val threw in that there will be  a drive-thru as well.

You can see the Facebook video below of Mayor McElvy’s interview below: